Improvement in steam and other turbines



P. C. HUMBLOIT. Steam and Other Turbines.

No. 20s-,90s. Patehtedoc-r. 15, 187s.

P s. FHOTo-LITMOGRAPNER, WASHINGTON D c UNITED STATEs PATENT OEEIoE.

PIERRE cEsAIRE EUMBLOT, or rARis, FRANCE.

IMPROVEMENT IN STEAM AND OTHER TURBINES.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 208,908, dated October 1:3, 1878; application filed July 8, 1878.

To all whom 'it may concern Be it known that I, PIERRE GsAIRE HUM- BLOT, of Paris, France, have invented Improvements in Steam and other Turbines; and I do hereby declare that the following is a t'nll, clear, and exact description of the same, reference being had to the annexed sheet of drawings, making a part of the same.

My invention relates to a turbine driven both by the direct impulse of a jet of steam, compressed air, or gas, and by the reaction consequent on the expansion of the elastic iiuid within the turbine and 'its escape between the vanes thereof, the impulse of the 'jet and the reaction of the iiuid acting on the sanie set` of vanes.

This combined action constitutes the essential feature of my invention, `and may be ap plied in turbines variously constructed and adapted for motive-power purposes generally.

In the annexed drawings, Figure l represents a top view of the improved turbine. Fig. 2 s a vertical section thereof, taken on the line c c, Fig. l. Fig. 3 is a vertical crosssection on the line 7c 7.', Fig. 2. Fig. et is a detail edge view of the wheel, showing the same on a larger scale, and Fig. 5 a partial side view of the same.

Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in all the gures.

The wheel consists of a series of radial vanes, B B, which are xed edgewise between two disks or plates keyed on a shaft, A, the said vanes extending from about the middle of the radius of the disks to within a short distance of the circumference, where they are bent all in one direction, nearly at right angles to the radial portions ofthe vanes, forming wings a a. This circumferential portion of each vane extends quite to the circumference of the disks and a little beyond the point where the radial portion of the next succeeding vane, if prolonged, would meet the circumference, so as to leave but a narrow space between the vanes.

The turbine is inclosed in a cylindrical casing, E, between which and the turbine there` is an annular space, D, communicating wit-h the outlet G.

The steam or gas is introduced in the form of a jet through the nozzle F, acting directly against the radial portion of the vanes, and passes between them into the central space within the turbine, where it expands and acts by its elastic force upon the series of inclined planes presented by the circumferential portions a of the vanes, a-ndthus assists to drive the turbine by reaction as it escapes between them into the annular space D, and thence to the outlet G. l Thus both the direct impulse ot' the jet and the reaction of the escaping steam or gas tend to drive the turbine in the same direction. v

This turbine may also be driven by water under pressure, and I reserve its application, when so driven, for actuating instruments or apparatus which are required to work synchronously-such, for instance, as the Hughes telegraph-the liquid mass in this case performing the function of a flywheel, its action being supplementary to that of the regulator of the instruments or apparatus which it drives.

I aan aware that turbines having radial vanes with overlapping ends have already been devised, as appears in Patent N o. 22,880 of February 8, 1859; also, turbines that revolve around a perforated central drum, as is shown in Patent No.182,458 of September 1S), 1876. Neither of these I claim.

The turbine constructed of radial vanes B B, having circumferential win gs a a, that overlap one another, the vanes extending to a central open space, and of two disks, which cover said open space and said vanes and their wings on two sides, all arranged so that the elastic iuid which drives the Wheel is conducted along the vanes into the central space, and thence out again between the vanes, acting against the wings a a during its discharge, constructed and arranged substantially as specified.

PIERRE CSAIRE HUMBLOT.

Witnesses RoBT. M. I-IooPER, EUGENE HEBERT. 

